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Don't say that Say this re-edit
ByChristopher John Tunwell
One of the biggest problems when we attempt to speak a second language, outside the classroom environment, well away from the protection and understanding of the teacher, is that we can get nervous and end up committing a whole range of silly errors. Sometimes we can tell we made a mistake, but very often we don’t have a clue to either what it was, or how to correct it anyway. Apart from that, we may sail into uncharted waters, entering virgin linguistic territory. Here, the temptation, in the absence of a confident option, is all too often to cobble together words, tailored over our native language syntax. Added to that, the diminished or complete lack of the target language’s environmental conditioning will mean that our pronunciation might well be suspect, to say the least, not to mention the inadequate choice of half invented vernacular. The combination, when produced in public, could be a recipe for disaster, a blow to our confidence, and, depending on the situation, a great step backwards for our linguistic development
Put it this way
ByChristopher John Tunwell & Fernando Gustavo Acuña
Parte do problema em falar outra língua é saber exatamente como dizer coisas fundamentais. Ao invés de conhecer a estrutura linguística até o último detalhe o essencial é não fazer feio quando tentamos nos comunicar longe da segurança de nossa língua materna. Inevitavelmente, não podemos ignorar o fato de que para sermos entendidos, precisamos aproximar nossa pronúncia da pronúncia dos falantes nativos, mas não é somente isto que vai determinar se conseguiremos sobreviver no exterior. Muitas vezes, sem ter grandes referências para nos ajudar, tentamos converter nossas frases à língua estrangeira. O resultado às vezes fica bem estranho – e não necessariamente porque a pronúncia era tão ruim, é que às vezes o resultado não bate culturalmente com a fala cotidiana das pessoas que vivem nos países que visitamos. Ficamos como um peixe fora da água. Este livro tenta fornecer ao viajante ou explorador de culturas estrangeiras uma gama de frases tanto úteis quanto autênticas. É de se esperar que com uma mãozinha, poderemos enfrentar o mundo que é a língua inglesa um pouco mais preparados, e com certeza muito mais confiantes de que poderemos até mesmo arrasar no inglês, basta querer e tentar.
Don´t write that, write this
ByChristopher John Tunwell
A Writing Guide. Learning to speak and write English in today's world is of utmost importance. This book is particularly aimed at the writing aspects involved in modern English communication. Whether you need to be able to prepare your curriculum vitae, write business letters or reports or chat over the blossoming social networks, a notion of the structures and even the pitfalls will hopefully serve to eliminate much of the unwanted chaff. Over the forthcoming pages, through a variety of features and resources, this book is aimed at helping the reader to write more confidently in the English language.
Perfect Sense
ByChristopher John Tunwell
Ask most students what their greatest difficulties in learning English are and you are sure to hear one theme repeated over and over: the present perfect tense. Indeed, it is a frustrating area for many because the tense even translates directly and perfectly for some into their language, or at least partially so. Ah, but therein lies the problem – the only “partially so”. When we believe that grammar is syntax and also that grammar should translate perfectly from one language to another, we are denying that innate cultural idea within languages to differ. The author of this book, however, while not promising direct translatable syntax, does show us that grammar is not quite what we thought it was. More than that, he dares to infer that grammar is the common element between languages; that grammar is nothing more, nothing less than our delivery of each word and idea, capsules and strings of pure sense that cannot be anything other than the same in any other language. When asked what grammar is, he is likely to say, beyond the technical answer derived from the ancient Greek translation of the “Art of Letters” that grammar is “sense” - the directed pushes and pulls over words and phrases that mould words and phrases into “sensical” or meaningful messages that without the correctly applied directions soon become quite nonsensical.